How does acetaminophen primarily alleviate pain?

Acetaminophen primarily alleviates pain by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins are chemicals in the body that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. When there is an injury or inflammation, prostaglandin levels increase at the site, leading to the sensation of pain. Acetaminophen works by interfering with the enzymes involved in the production of prostaglandins, notably in the brain, which helps to reduce the perception of pain and the overall sensation of discomfort.

This mechanism contrasts with other methods of pain relief; for example, numbing nerve endings is more characteristic of local anesthetics, while blocking pain receptors typically pertains to opioids. Increasing endorphin levels is associated with the body's natural pain relief mechanisms but is not primarily how acetaminophen functions. Understanding the specific action of acetaminophen clarifies its role in managing mild to moderate pain effectively.